5G就是第五代通信(xin)(xin)技術，主要(yao)特點是波(bo)長為毫米級，超(chao)寬帶，超(chao)高(gao)(gao)速度，超(chao)低(di)延時(shi)。1G實(shi)現(xian)了模擬語(yu)音通信(xin)(xin)，大哥大沒有(you)屏幕(mu)只(zhi)能(neng)打電(dian)話；2G實(shi)現(xian)了語(yu)音通信(xin)(xin)數字(zi)化，功能(neng)機有(you)了小屏幕(mu)可以發短信(xin)(xin)了；3G實(shi)現(xian)了語(yu)音以外圖片(pian)等的多(duo)媒體通信(xin)(xin)，屏幕(mu)變(bian)大可以看(kan)圖片(pian)了；4G實(shi)現(xian)了局域高(gao)(gao)速上網，大屏智能(neng)機可以看(kan)短視(shi)頻(pin)了，但在(zai)城市信(xin)(xin)號好，農(nong)村信(xin)(xin)號差。1G~4G都(dou)是著眼于人與人之間更方(fang)便快捷的通信(xin)(xin)，而5G將實(shi)現(xian)隨時(shi)、隨地、萬物互聯，讓人類敢于期待(dai)與地球上的萬物通過直播的方(fang)式無時(shi)差同步參(can)與其中(zhong)。

    5G時代(dai)的(de)到來(lai)，Massive MIMO技術被引入，直接導(dao)致(zhi)5G基站天線發展(zhan)的(de)三個趨勢：

    1) 無源天線向有源天線發展；
    2) 光纖替代饋線；
    3) RRH（射頻拉(la)遠頭）和天(tian)線部分集成(cheng)。

    隨著通信網絡向5G的不斷演進，陳列天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)（多天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)空分復(fu)用(yong)）、多波束(shu)天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)（網絡致密(mi)化）和多頻段天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)（頻譜擴展）將(jiang)成(cheng)為未來基站(zhan)天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)發展的主要類型(xing)。

    隨著5G網(wang)絡的(de)到來，各(ge)大(da)運(yun)營商(shang)對于移動網(wang)絡的(de)需求在不斷地(di)改變，為(wei)了實現(xian)全網(wang)覆(fu)蓋，越來越多種類的(de)基站電(dian)(dian)調(diao)天(tian)線(xian)(xian)被廣泛地(di)應用(yong)于移動通信領域。針對四頻(pin)天(tian)線(xian)(xian)，為(wei)了實現(xian)對其電(dian)(dian)子下(xia)傾角的(de)控(kong)(kong)制，目前主(zhu)要有三(san)種電(dian)(dian)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)制裝(zhuang)置，包括兩個內(nei)置雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)的(de)組(zu)合、帶傳動切換機(ji)構(gou)的(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)、四個內(nei)置電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)。可以看出(chu)，無論使(shi)用(yong)哪(na)一(yi)種裝(zhuang)置，都離不開天(tian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)應用(yong)。

    基站(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)天(tian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)主要結構是由傳(chuan)(chuan)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、減(jian)速(su)齒輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)組裝而(er)成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)一體機(ji)，具(ju)備減(jian)速(su)調(diao)節功(gong)能；傳(chuan)(chuan)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)提供輸(shu)出速(su)、低力矩(ju)轉(zhuan)速(su)，齒輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)連(lian)接傳(chuan)(chuan)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，將傳(chuan)(chuan)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)出的速(su)轉(zhuan)速(su)降低，同時提升力矩(ju)，達到理想傳(chuan)(chuan)動效(xiao)果；基站(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)天(tian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)齒輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)通常采用定制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)齒輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)技術參數、功(gong)率(lv)、性能，更好的滿足環境、氣(qi)候、溫(wen)差等環境因素，達到理想傳(chuan)(chuan)動效(xiao)果和使用壽命要求。